Urinalysis by means of Test Strips
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Test strip and its use

The manufacturer's instructions provided in each pack should always be strictly followed, because the procedure may vary with different manufacturers.

Urine test strips can be used for:
1. routine examination,
2. monitoring of therapy and possible relapse,
3. self-monitoring, and
4. systematic examinations.

1. Routine examination
Complete chemical urinalysis by means of a test strip covering the following parameters is the most rational procedure for daily routine examination of urine in a general practice or hospital setting:
• nitrites
• pH
• protein
• glucose
• ketones
• urobilinogen
• bilirubin
• blood
• leukocytes
• ascorbic acid
• specific gravity

Early symptoms of the following large groups of diseases can be detected by a single urine test strip:
• carbohydrate metabolism disorders,
• kidney and genitourinary tract diseases (e.g. calculi, tumors, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, etc.), and
• hemolytic and liver diseases.

2. Monitoring of therapy and possible reccurrence
a. Diabetes mellitus
For therapy monitoring, special test strips for this indication are used.
The following tests are performed in diabetes mellitus:

• glucose
• ketones.
These tests will reveal metabolic changes or dietary errors.

b. Kidney and genitourinary tract diseases
The following tests are performed:
• nitrites
• pH
• protein
• blood
• leukocytes
c. Bile pigment demonstration
The following tests are performed:
• urobilinogen
• bilirubin

3. Self-monitoring
Test strips can be given to patients, as recommended by the physician. This especially holds for diabetic self-monitoring (glucose and ketones).

4. Systematic examinations
Urine test strips are used for:
• general screening in systematic examinations,
• general or target screening in epidemiologic studies,
• early detection of pathologic conditions, and
• therapy monitoring.
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